Critical Thinking Exercises for Students

Basic Thinking Exercises for Students Basic reasoning is an ability that understudies grow slowly as they progress in school. While the aptitude turns out to be progressively significant in higher evaluations, a few understudies think that its hard to comprehend the idea of basic reasoning. The explanation basic reasoning can be hard to get a handle on is on the grounds that it expects understudies to put aside suppositions and convictions to figure out how to think without inclination or judgment. Basic reasoning includes suspending your convictions to investigate and address subjects from a clear page perspective. It additionally includes the capacity to recognize truth from feeling while investigating a point. These activities are intended to help create basic reasoning aptitudes. Basic Thinking Exercise 1: Tour Guide for an Alien This activity gives a chance to think outside your ordinary perspective. Imagine that you have been relegated the undertaking of directing a visit for outsiders who are visiting the earth and watching human life. Youre riding along in a zeppelin, seeing the scene beneath, and you drift over an expert baseball arena. One of the outsiders looks down and is exceptionally befuddled by what he sees. You clarify that there is a game going on and he poses a few significant inquiries. What is a game? Why are there no female players?Why do individuals get so amped up for watching others play games?What is a team?Why cant the individuals in the seats go down on the field and participate? On the off chance that you attempt to respond to these inquiries completely, it will immediately become obvious that we heft around specific suspicions and qualities. We bolster a specific group, for example, since it causes us to feel like were a piece of a network. This feeling of network is a worth that issues to certain individuals more than others. Moreover, when attempting to disclose group activities to an outsider, you need to clarify the worth we place on winning and losing. At the point when you think like an outsider visit control, you are compelled to investigate the things we do and things we esteem. Now and then they dont sound consistent from the outside glancing in. Basic Thinking Exercise 2: Fact or Opinion Do you think you know the distinction among reality and sentiment? Its not in every case simple to perceive. When you visit sites, do you think all that you read? The plenitude of accessible data makes it more significant than any other time in recent memory for understudies to create basic reasoning abilities. Furthermore, its a significant update that you should utilize dependable sources in your school work. On the off chance that you dont become familiar with the contrast among actuality and feeling, you may wind up perusing and watching things that keep on fortifying convictions and presumptions you effectively own. For this activity, read every announcement and attempt to decide if it seems like a reality or a feeling. This can be finished alone or with an examination accomplice. My mother is the best mother on earth.My father is taller than your dad.My phone number is hard to memorize.The most profound piece of the sea is 35,813 feet deep.Dogs improve pets than turtles.Smoking is terrible for your health.Eighty-five percent of all instances of lung malignant growth in the U.S. are brought about by smoking.If you smooth and loosen up a Slinky toy it will be 87 feet long.Slinky toys are fun.One out of each one hundred American residents is shading blind.Two out of ten American residents are exhausting. You will presumably discover a portion of the announcements simple to judge yet different articulations troublesome. In the event that you can successfully discuss the honesty of an announcement with your accomplice, at that point its most probable a conclusion.

An Evaluation of Professional Placement Activities Research Paper

Principles of Management and Leadership free essay sample

To completely clarify the connection among Leadership and Management we have to welcome that the two go inseparably, they are in no way, shape or form something very similar however they supplement each other when driving any group to perform and surpass focuses inside a business. The manager’s work is very errand centered. They frequently need to follow organization methodology and rules to guarantee division KPI’s and targets are accomplished. They are vigorously associated with the arranging and co-ordinating of the group. The position of authority is significantly more individuals centered, guaranteeing that the group comprehends what their job is inside accomplishing both office and business destinations, the pioneer gives the inspiration and drive to somebody to accomplish (McPheat,2013). Bennis (2003) made a rundown out of contrasts between the chief and the pioneer two of which I have definite here as I might suspect these assistance separate the distinction bet ween the two; ' The director keeps up the pioneer develops’, 'the administrator centers around frameworks and structure, the pioneer centers around the people’. Daisy Group PLC’s business hierarchical goal is to be the UK’s number one interchanges supplier. My administration and influential position takes on numerous styles to address the issues of various circumstances while dealing with a group of 10 credit controllers so as to accomplish this business objective. As clarified by Goleman (1996) a decent pioneer must be genuinely delicate to realize which styles to embrace contingent upon the distinctive circumstance. Inside his book 6 styles are illustrated, Visionary, Coaching, Affiliative, Democratic, Pacesetting and Commanding; I trust I receive every one of these styles in various circumstances. For instance because of the assorted variety of Daisy as a business and the rate at which items and procedures change I frequently need to take on a very Coaching style to guarantee the group is kept up to speed with any turns of events, this not just helps my colleagues continually improve their presentation it builds representati ve fulfillment which lessens staff turnover inside theâ business. I think I am additionally a popularity based pioneer; I esteem every individual information and urge my group to create new thoughts so as to enable us to accomplish. As a pioneer I like to show others how its done, I like to move toward my work with energy and an inspirational demeanor which is reflected in the team’s mentality toward their work. Office good and worker disposition towards work are significant factors in adding to surpassing departmental targets and self-improvement. In any case, that said I think it is significant for the group to regard you as a supervisor and comprehend that you are there to lead them to accomplish. Colins (2001) accepts that to become and compelling pioneer you must be unassuming, there’s no space for presumption; you must be happy to concede when you or your group have committed an error and set up measures to gain from them. A fruitful pioneer isn’t hesitant to request help or counsel, gaining from other people who are more experienced than you can just profit you decidedly. He focuses on the significance of control in your work; when focusing on a strategy, regardless of how troublesome it is you should finish this. Aidar perceives three center administration duties; accomplishing the assignment, dealing with the group and dealing with the people. While accomplishing the errand it’s critical to recognize plans to guarantee that the group see obviously what they are really going after. These will in general be sketched out inside staff audits/goals. A director will screen progress towards the gatherings point, for instance in my post I report on Daily income figures so the group realize how close we are getting to accomplishing the month to month money focus toward the month's end. 2. Abilities and Styles of Management and Leadership For this segment I am going to analyze the aptitudes and styles of 2 totally different pioneers; Richard Branson author of the Virgin Group and Steve Jobs originator of Apple Inc. Richard isn't reluctant to face challenges and accepts that his kin are the establishment to his company’s achievement. 'My way of thinking is, put your representatives first, your clients second and your speculators third and at long last everybody will be happy’ (Inc, 2013). From investigating his initiative style I would state that Richard is a transformational just pioneer, he gets a kick out of the chance to get different people groups enter and create on their thoughts. Richard accepts that commendation goes a lot farther than analysis in accomplishing results so he gets a kick out of the chance to lead his group utilizing uplifting feedback. Richardâ seems to be a mindful and included pioneer who tunes in to everybody and is extremely proficient in his administration style, he is authoritatively a relationship-situated pioneer who is acceptable at adjusting individuals and giving them enthusiastic help and support. He appears to fall into the fragment of being a participative and consultative pioneer while his solid charm appears to cause anybody to tune in and tail him. Steve Jobs then again has an extremely imaginative initiative style; he was a fussbudget who had the boldness to adjust his perspective. Steve was a flighty pioneer, he was 'high-maintenance’ who requested greatness from his staff and was known for his unpolished conveyance of analysis. It was his sheer virtuoso joined with his capacity to explain his vision and bring everybody along on the excursion in addition to the exercises learned in vocation misfortunes that made it work. Steve was terminated from Apple in 1985 and afterward returned in 1997 with a restored feeling of direction. Steve Job controlled each region of the business as he continued looking for flawlessness he lead utilizing a very situational administration approach, he displayed exceptionally mandate conduct. Workers were enlisted into the business as authorities and put into jobs that took advantage of their particular qualities. Staff turnover was low. Occupations was enthusiastic about his vision and as v iable at conveying this to his staff which was reflected in their perspectives on the business (McInerney, 2011). Administrative Task 1 †Delegating work to the Team When assigning work to the group it’s imperative to pick staff individuals that can do the work you are asking of them, this expects you to have a decent information on your team’s skills. It’s not a need that they have accomplished the work before as this is a perfect chance to talk about the assignment close by with them and give them some instructing while they do it †helping advancement. It’s essential to remember them for the designation procedure, engage them to choose which assignments to do and when. Guarantee that they realize they are liable for finishing the assignment yet responsibility will in any case fall under the administrator which is the reason the supervisor must help them in finishing the undertaking to an exclusive expectation. ,The administrator must offer help all through and guarantee the project’s accomplishment through on-going addressing and observing; concentrating on the outcomes encourages achievement and develops trust inside the supervisor associate relationship. The colleague may have aâ different method of finishing the assignment, as long as the right outcome is accomplished own drive ought to be upheld. Administrative Task 2 †Motivating representatives Representatives must be roused in the event that you need them to accomplish the best outcomes. All workers have various kinds of inspirational elements that will lead them to accomplish, being a chief is to a great extent about realizing what rouses every person. Representatives might be increasingly spurred on the off chance that they see how they fit into the business, how they add to the business accomplishing its hierarchical targets. The administrator must wipe out de-inspirations, what do they believe is preventing them from accomplishing? Discover what inspires every person by asking them during one to ones-money related, status, acclaim and so on and talk about how these can be incorporated with their activity job. Another key inspiring instrument is causing representatives to feel engaged; rouse them to locate their own answers for work as opposed to being determined what to do. 3. Utilization of Theory in an Organizational Context Instances of when I have needed to apply the executives and administration hypotheses inside my job are when overseeing change inside the office. There have been 2 ongoing cases when change has been presented the first being the presentation of another framework over all Daisy workplaces and the second when the group had a switch round of records to oblige staff redundancies both of these where overseen similarly Daisy has as of late revealed another in house created framework to all staff. As Daisy has obtained many organizations throughout the years with that has come new items and a wide range of frameworks. The new framework was created to guarantee that all staff are utilizing a brought together framework, where all notes and client subtleties can be seen midway. Kubler and Ross stages to change Model clarifies the different stages that the group experienced while encountering this change and as a chief what I needed to concentrate on; how I needed to drive the Team to aside from the change. When concentrating on this model you have to urge each colleague to completely go through the phases before acknowledgment of progress is looked for. Forswearing stage; the group didn’t think credit control would be approached to utilize the new framework since it couldn’t bolster their work; they were considering the past and not thinking forward. During this period I as a trough had toâ encourage the group to converse with me to discover why they had the sentiments they did, was it on account of instabilities; that they probably won't have the option to utilize the new framework and talk them through their concerns giving them certainty and backing, ideally then they advanced onto the Resistance stage, during this stage the group acknowledged that there was another framework to utilize however wouldn't utilize it. They accused others at needing another framework. During this stage I needed to again drive

Reflective Assessment on Mathematics and Calculus

Intelligent Assessment on Mathematics and Calculus Relearning the math, relating it to reality Mela Aziza Foundation I have cherished doing arithmetic since I was in primary school. Be that as it may, this inclination changed a tad when I was at auxiliary school. My science educator requested that I retain numerous equations and standards identified with cutting edge themes without knowing when I can utilize those in my reality. I believed that a propelled theme was extremely difficult to learn in light of the fact that it was regularly unique idea. Thusly, an understudy like me would discover challenges how to make it concrete and associate it to this present reality. Also, my science instructor just urged us to consider arithmetic hard so as to accomplish high scores in assessments. She infrequently clarified about the use of science in our day by day life. This circumstance made me less appreciated learning science. For instance, while I was learning analytics that I expected as a propelled subject, I didn't have a clue when I can utilize it in my life with the goal that I was not persuaded to l earn it. At that point, I speculated analytics was futile. Analytics was just about examples, recipes, and computations without knowing why I expected to learn it. Accordingly, this experience has been motivating me by they way I should show my understudies later on. I would have liked to clarify and show my understudies about how ground-breaking and helpful arithmetic can be. Tragically, it was extremely elusive the association among science and day by day exercises, particularly for the analytics. My understudies were addressing when they could utilize math in their life. I got confounded and couldn't offer the fitting response since I have not known the utilization of math that was pertinent to my understudies life. I instructed analytics utilizing the comparable technique to my past arithmetic instructor, unraveling any sort of math inquiries from my own course books utilizing the equations or rules. Be that as it may, I am keen on investigating and building up the convenience of math in every day life since I need to set up answers for my own past inquiry, when I can utilize it. Thus, while finding the opportunity to take the creating subject information course, I was eager to concentrate on some math addresses utilizing genuine settings. Taking care of analytics issues I began my free learning by taking care of the maximum box issue given by my own guide (see Appendix A). This issue about the paper which has side an, at that point I was told to make a case by cutting a square with side x from every one of the four corners. I need to discover the estimation of x with the goal that I can make the greatest box. I attempted to discover the x esteem for making the greatest box by doing some mathematical conditions lastly, I acquired the example for finding the x esteem. Discovering the appropriate response allowed me a chance to relate it to the idea of separation. It was another thing for me and when I looked on the web, discovered it was well known in educating and learning arithmetic identified with the math point. Be that as it may, I didn't have a clue why I discovered Indonesian arithmetic educators seldom utilized this down to earth question while showing the idea of separation. Next, I moved to how to present the main guideline of separation, f'(x), from work f(x). I began by drawing a diagram of the capacity, at that point figured slope of two contiguous focuses utilizing the angle of a straight line and cutoff idea (see Appendix B). At long last, I found that the principal subsidiary equivalents with the slopes of a point from the capacity. At that point, I attempted comparative counts for some various capacities, lastly, I set up the example of the main subsidiary. While doing this, I was figuring which I should show first, angle or separation, so as to cause understudies to comprehend where the main subsidiary comes. Besides, an observable point for me by tackling this issue, I knew that as an educator I can show arithmetic through utilizing algorithmic/mathematical/logical/figuring, visual (picture/diagram), and inductive (design) thinking. For instance, when finding the most extreme estimation of the capacity, I gained a similar answer by utilizing tw o distinct techniques, charting and ascertaining. What's more, I investigated how to draw the chart of the main subordinates of various capacities by utilizing inclination idea (see Appendix C). I drew both normal and extraordinary capacities. I felt those were intriguing and testing since I could make the chart of the first and the second subsidiary just by taking a gander at the diagram of the first capacity. Be that as it may, when I need to locate the principal subordinate capacity, I need to ascertain utilizing a mathematical technique. Despite the fact that I was unable to get legitimately what the capacity of the principal subordinate f(x) through drawing, I could separate when the capacity arrived at most extreme worth, (when f (x) f (x) > 0), and neither greatest nor least worth (when f (x) = 0), for example, f(x)= x3-6x2+12x-5 having an articulation point (see Figure 1). I likewise attempted to discover the angle of phenomenal capacities, for example, a flat out capacity (f(x)=|x|) by plotting the chart physically and checking it utilizing programming GSP (The Geometers Sketchpad), at that point I found that there was a point on the |x|function that can't be separated (non-differentiable point) that was when x = 0, yet for different focuses, those were differentiable (see Figure 2). Besides, I investigated six regular mix-ups (Cipra, 2013) that understudies made in doing analytics identified with how they take care of some normal issues and comprehend an idea of finding the region of capacity by vital idea (see Appendix D). The understudies generally simply determined the region utilizing recipe without drawing the capacity so that once in a while they found a negative region. The territory will be rarely negative. The understudies should realize that the region above x-pivot will be sure in light of the fact that y-hub esteems are constantly positive while the region underneath x-hub will be negative due to y-hub negative qualities (Stewart, 2016). Henceforth, understudies need to increase the territory of capacity beneath x-pivot with negative (- ) for turning into a positive zone. Reflection During this course, I relearned analytics idea by taking care of certain issues. I felt back a feeling of doing science when taking care of the issues both daily schedule and genuine issues. This sense made me eager to discover the answers for each issue that I confronted. I became mindful that theoretical ideas can't be isolated from math. Albeit routine issues are usually dynamic, understudies will have the option to become familiar with the significance of image ideas in math through tackling these issues. I likewise attempted to associate math by taking care of some genuine issues which utilize genuine settings and can be envisioned as day by day encounters (Gravemeijer Doorman, 1999), for example, the maximum box issue that can be associated with a maker. In the wake of doing some genuine issues, I concur that these issues ought to be educated in the study hall (Gainsburg, 2008). Educators can utilize these issues to upgrade understudies inspiration and to create thinking just a s critical thinking abilities of understudies in learning science (Karakoã § Alacacã„â ±, 2015). Accordingly, the instructors will have the option to cause arithmetic to turn out to be increasingly significant for their understudies through genuine issues. Then again, I think not all genuine issues are practicable for understudies on the grounds that the issues don't identify with their life straightforwardly. I have done a few issues from certain sites and a reading material of math (SMP, 1973), yet not all issues were applicable to a genuine setting and could be settled. I experienced there was an issue when a few realities are deserted so as to cause understudies to comprehend the inquiry without any problem. A difficult which is applicable to one understudies life may not be significant for other people. In this way, educators should check the viability of the issues by asking understudies first (Burkhardt, 1981), and afterward they will see the great issues that can be utilized later on. What's more, math is propelled information for most understudies since they think that its hard to concretise so that every so often it ought to stay dynamic (Wilensky, 1991). Moreover, instructors need to consider when they give the understudies genuine issues. They can't give them these issues for each gathering since they additionally ought to give chances to understudies to learning all analytics ideas, both concrete and conceptual. In this manner, most educators accepted the idea of science theme and the time may become constraints for interfacing it to this present reality (Karakoã § Alacacã„â ±, 2015). Educators can spur understudies to think inductively in learning science. They may include understudies to locate the primary subordinate example by utilizing the inclination of a straight line and cutoff idea. They ought not give an example f'(xn) =nxn-1 straightforwardly to understudies while presenting separation, however they request that understudies build up the main subordinate example by their own self. What's more, I found that educators can utilize an incline of zero (f'(x)=0) for making sense of what is the most extreme or least estimation of the capacity rapidly. Notwithstanding, educators additionally need to request that understudies check the chart or the second subsidiary of the capacity to locate the specific class of the x esteem (most extreme, least, or enunciation point). Consequently, as an arithmetic instructor, I ought to regard a few factors before choosing a successful instructing strategy that urges my understudies to comprehend analytics ideas without any p roblem. I expected that utilizing innovation can comprehend math for understudies. I considered utilizing GSP while educating to draw a chart of the capacity and to look nearer whether the capacity can be separated for each point. Besides, I believe that science instructors might have the option to investigate any sort of analytics inquiries on sites such ashttps://www.math.ucdavis.edu andhttp://www.dqime.uni-dortmund.de which I state as assets for discovering genuine arithmetic issues utilizing the Engli

Rhetorical Modes Matrix Essay

The craft of recounting stories. Structure †Usually in sequential request, which occasions are told in the request wherein they happened Two Tips †1. A plot rundown can assist you with making an ordered framework. 2. Start with a solid introduction to guide your peruser into needing to keep perusing. Outline: Purpose †Clearly exhibits and supports a point using proof. Structure †Order of significance: orchestrates thoughts as indicated by their noteworthiness Two Tips. Use proof that is suitable to your subject just as your crowd. 2. Differ the expressions of delineation you utilized, it is basic when attempting to keep perusers connected with Description: Purpose †To ensure your crowd is completely inundated in the words on the page by utilizing tangible subtleties. Structure †Spatial Order, contingent upon the essayist, depictions could go through and through or left to right. Two Tips †1. Maintain a strategic distance from â€Å"empty† descriptors if conceivable. 2. Utilize spatial request to sort out your engaging composition. Characterization: Reason †To stall subjects down into littler, progressively sensible, and increasingly explicit parts Structure †Organized by separating it into subcategories Two Tips †1. Pick themes you realize well when composing this kind of expositions. 2. Ensure you separate your theme in any event three distinct ways. Procedure Analysis: Purpose †The reason for existing is to disclose how to accomplish something or how something functions. Structure †In sequential request, bit by bit guidelines on how something is practiced Two Tips †1. Continuously have another person perused it to ensure it bodes well. 2. Continuously utilize solid subtleties and clear models Definition: Reason †The object is to just characterize something. Structure †It is sorted out by setting, the situation, conditions, or settings in which something happens or exists Two Tips †1. Maintain a strategic distance from terms that are excessively straightforward, that need intricacy. 2. you are bound to compose an additionally fascinating paper in the event that you are expounding on something you know about. Think about and Contrast: Purpose †To decide how different wonders are connected regarding starting points and results. Structure †The circumstances and logical results article can be composed in two essential manners: 1. Start with the cause(s) and afterward talk about the effect(s); or 2. Start with the effect(s) and afterward talk about the causes. Two Tips †1. When you guarantee that one reason or impact is more essential than the others, you have built up a proposal. 2. Make certain to have clear proof to help the cases that you make. Cause and Effect: Purpose †To persuade, rouse or push perusers toward a specific perspective or feeling Structure †Structural Components: Intro and proposal, Opposing and qualifying thoughts, Strong proof, Style and tone, Compelling end Two Tips †1. A gainful methodology is to convince your peruser to think about your assessment as a legitimate one, one basically the correct one. Abstain from shaping a postulation dependent on a negative case Persuasion: Purpose-Persuasive composition, additionally alluded to as an experimental writing or a contention, is a bit of writing where the essayist utilizes words to persuade the peruser of his/her view with respect to an issue. Structure-Persuasive composition, additionally alluded to as an exploratory writing or a contention, is a bit of writing where the author utilizes words to persuade the peruser of his/her view in regards to an issue. Two Tips †1. Try not to disregard restricting perspectives and contentions in the article. 2. Recognizing different perspectives can really reinforce your own focuses.

How to Find Textual Analysis Essay Topics

How to Find Textual Analysis Essay TopicsWhen writing a textual analysis essay, it is important to carefully select the subject matter you will be addressing. You will want to write the essay so that it is readable and interesting. It should not take too long to read and should be well-written.Each topic should be tailor-made for the class. In some instances, you will be given essay topics that revolve around your own course. You will also be given essay topics that revolve around topics in the course as a whole. If you choose a topic that isn't based on course material, you will find that the professor will find fault with you for having no solid foundation on which to base the topic.Great essay topics can be found through searching online. It is possible to find information on a number of topics you can use in your text. The Internet is filled with information about all sorts of subjects you can use in your essay, including essay topics you can tackle for the textual analysis essay topic.For example, you can find informational websites that have summaries of some of the most popular textual analysis essay topics available. The topics that are available are based on courses across the country. Some of the topics are based on topics in the United States, while others are based on topics in other countries. Finding essay topics based on the country or place you are from is easy when you are browsing online.Many colleges now offer interactive classes and some of these classes can require that you take a separate text or select a topic based on a list of topics. The difficulty of the topic will be the determining factor in whether you will be required to take it or not. Textual analysis is a difficult subject to write about in an interactive class. By finding some essay topics that can be used for this purpose, you will increase your chances of being chosen to dothe project.Interactive classes often require a second essay. This is because the class is used to teac h the students what to write. By choosing topics based on a list of topics, the professor will see that you are dedicated to doing the assignment. He or she will be impressed by your diligence in completing the assignment and will be more likely to assign it to you.Textual analysis is one of the most complex subjects that you can tackle in college. In order to write the assignment, you must first understand the concepts. Once you understand the concepts, you must then write the essay in a way that is clear and compelling. Without a doubt, the essay is the last part of the writing process you will be faced with.There are a number of reasons why textual analysis is such a difficult subject to tackle. With more college students taking part in this assignment, the level of complexity continues to rise. By understanding the topic and following the guidelines that are outlined, you can increase your chances of being assigned the text analysis essay. It can be difficult but it can also be done.

Best Approach to Treating Cocaine Addiction - 1375 Words

Best Approach to Treating Cocaine Addiction (Research Paper Sample) Content: Best Approach to Treating Cocaine AddictionName:Professor:Course:DateBest Approach to Treating Cocaine AddictionThe current research that Rawson et al. (2002) notes that methadone treatment is deemed the best treatment for cocaine addiction Methadone is a synthetic agent that occupies the receptors in the brain that have previously been occupied by cocaine in order to relieve euphoria, intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. The real issues arise from the length of methadone treatment. Even though, research shows that, no ill effects occur from continual use. However, the Center for Disease Control (2002) shows that most patients under methadone abandon the treatment before a year is complete; the clinic sometimes encourages the patients to leave or the patients fail to comply with the program. A more apparent reason is that taking methadone becomes difficult and unpleasant for most patients. In effect, most methadone patients relapse and start using cocaine again. In this light, the question of which treatment approach is best for treating cocaine addicts still remain. Other drug addiction treatments, such as CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) and CM (Contingency Management) show promise in helping dissuade patients from using, even after the initial drug treatment is stopped. In this light, there is legitimacy in the potential to create an effective cocaine treatment by drawing from the use of CBT and CM after the initial treatment of methadone maintenance.Research QuestionWhat is the best approach to treating cocaine addiction?HypothesisPeople taken off methadone maintenance treatment who continue their other treatments (CBT and CM) will have greater success at beating their addiction than people who continue with methadone maintenance treatment..Sampling MethodAccording to the American Gastroenterological Association (2015), during patient sampling, the sample surveyed must represent the patient population under study. In this case, the firs t approach to sampling patients is identifying the patient characteristics. In this research, the patients under the study will be separated into two groups. One group of patients will have continued their initial methadone treatment (1 year) and been placed under CBT and CM. The other group will be comprised of patients who are continuing with methadone as a standalone treatment after one year. Information regarding such patients will be collected from three major hospitals dealing with cocaine addicts. Once a list of patients from the two groups is formed and their consent to participate in the research obtained, random sampling of each group of patients will take place. Random sampling is ideal because it ensures that variations between the selected sample and actual population are by chance, not selection bias. Stratified random sampling will be specifically used where potential patients are divided into the two groups and then select patients randomly from each sample.Using the Survey Systems, an online calculator that determines the sample size, this research will recruit 384 participants. This is based on a confidence level of 95%, confidence interval of + or -5%, the national population of cocaine addicts (not users), which is roughly 1,000,000. Hence, more potential participants from both groups should be obtained to allow random selection of 192 participants per group (American Gastroenterological Association, 2015).Statistics EmployedThe research study will employ both inferential and descriptive statistics. According to Banyard, and Grayson (2007), descriptive statistics tend to quantitatively describe significant features of information or data obtained in the research. This simply means that descriptive statistics summarizes the data collected in a research into more understandable language. In this case, using descriptive statistics in the form of tables or graphs would be of benefit in quantifying the data collected in a manner that researc hers or those reading the research can understand. Inferential statistics will be critical because this study because with only a small portion of the population being under study, it would be difficult to derive any parameters that provide the characteristics of the entire population of cocaine addicts. In this light, inferential statistics will be critical in generalization or drawing conclusions that will be able to tell whether CBT and CM is likely to benefit cocaine addicts after their initial methadone treatment when compared to cocaine addicts who continue using methadone. The T-Test will be particularly helpful when it comes to examining the differences between patients using methadone and those using CBT and CM to draw the conclusions.Definition of variablesAs Hayes (2002) notes, the independent variable is the condition that a researcher systematically manipulates. In this case, the independent variable is the drug treatment. This means that CBT and CM, as well as, methad one are independent variables. The dependent variable refers to outcomes measured in the research, and which change when the dependent variables undergo experimental manipulation. In this case, each personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s response from the drug treatment offered is the dependent variable. The control variable in this case is ensuring that each patient had undergone the initial methadone treatment (1 year and not more or less) to avoid biasing the application of the two treatments (continuation of methadone, and CBT and CM). Getting the initial treatment will ensure that each cocaine addict has received the same level of treatment prior to introducing the other two treatments. This will ensure that the two treatments introduced (continuation of methadone, and CBT and CM) give results that can be distinguished from the results of the initial methadone treatment, thus able to examine the efficacy of each treatment.Operationalizing the VariablesOperationalizing variable implies finding quan tifiable, valid index and measurable index for the variables. The methadone treatment will be measured in terms of mg/day where the standard dose of 60-120 mg/day required by most patients will be administered to patients. CBT and CM will be measured in the context of sessions. Typically, considering that the group has undergone the first-line of treatment with methadone, 3-5 sessions per week will be sufficient to yield the therapeutic effect needed to dissuade patients from relapsing. Considerably, for the control variable to work, urinalysis has to be conducted to determine the cocaine content in each of the patients. This will reveal whether the patient has relapsed and used cocaine within the treatment period; those who have relapsed will not qualify for the research study. In the case of effect of both methadone treatment, as well as, the combination of CBT and CM, in the 60-day period of conducting the research, different measures will be app...